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דזשאָנאַטאַן (יצחק) װאַשינגטאָן

Publications

If you're looking for unpublished term papers I wrote in grad school, see my old research page.

Peer-reviewed articles

2026
peerreviewed
Negation of Turkic non-verbal clauses: Analysis and Universal Dependencies Implementation
Nikolett Mus, Furkan Akkurt, Bermet Chontaeva, Soudabeh Eslami, Sardana Ivanova, Çağrı Çöltekin, Jonathan N. Washington, Gulnura Dzhumalieva, and Aida Kasieva
Proceedings of the Ninth Workshop on Universal Dependencies (UDW 2026), at the 15th biennial Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC 2026), Palma, Mallorca, Espanya, 97–102
peerreviewed
A Morphological Transducer for the Limbu Language
Avyaya Singh and Jonathan North Washington
Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Challenges in Processing South Asian Languages (CHiPSAL 2026), at the 15th biennial Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC 2026), Palma, Mallorca, Espanya
peerreviewed
The role of tongue root anteriority in the Dolgan vowel system
Tehya Banach, Yana Outkin, Mark M. Zimin, Zoya N. Ichin-Norbu, and Jonathan N. Washington
Proceedings of the 11th Workshop on Turkic and Languages in Contact with Turkic (Tu+11), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
peerreviewed
The Phonology of Turkish
Jonathan N. Washington and Nicholas Kontovas
International Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics
2025
peerreviewed
Central Asian Turkic and Khalkha Past Tense Systems Arose Through Balanced Contact
Joshua Sims, Zhiyu Mia Gong, and Jonathan Washington
Proceedings of the 10th Workshop on Turkic and Languages in Contact with Turkic (Tu+10), University of Southern California
peerreviewed
The Annotation of Turkic Copula Verbs in UD
Aida Kasieva, Nikolett Mus, Arofat Akhundjanova, Furkan Akkurt, Bermet Chontaeva, Gulnura Dzhumalieva, Soudabeh Eslami, Murat Jumashev, and Jonathan Washington
Proceedings of 10th International Conference on Computer Science and Engineering (UBMK 2025), 1772–1777
peerreviewed
Space and Attention in the Kyrgyz Demonstrative System
Eszter Ótott-Kovács, Tolgonay Kubatova, Harrison Saunders, and Jonathan Washington
Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America, 10(1)
peerreviewed
Towards a Hän morphological transducer
Maura O’Leary, Joseph Lukner, Finn Verdonk, Willem de Reuse, and Jonathan Washington
Proceedings of the Eighth Workshop on the Use of Computational Methods in the Study of Endangered Languages (ComputEL-8), 91–99
2024
proceedings
ultrapolaRplot: A free/open-source R library for plotting tongue traces
Yana Outkin and Jonathan Washington
UltraFest XI: Extended Abstracts (Ultrasound Imaging for Speech and Language Conference), University of Aizu, 102–105
proceedings
An X6-1 transducer clip for the UltraFit headset
Saumya Raj and Jonathan Washington
UltraFest XI: Ultrasound Imaging for Speech and Language Conference, University of Aizu, 111–113
proceedings
Strategies for the Annotation of Pronominalised Locatives in Turkic Universal Dependency Treebanks
Jonathan Washington, Çağrı Çöltekin, Furkan Akkurt, Bermet Chontaeva, Soudabeh Eslami, Gulnura Jumalieva, Aida Kasieva, Aslı Kuzgun, Büşra Marşan, and Chihiro Taguchi
Proceedings of the Joint Workshop on Multiword Expressions and Universal Dependencies (MWE-UD 2024) at the 2024 Joint International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC-COLING 2024), 207–219
peerreviewed
Prenominal relative clauses in Northern Tajik Persian: Analytic to synthetic morphology and a new contact perspective
Afsheen Sharifzadeh, Hossep Dolatian, and Jonathan North Washington
Proceedings of the 9th Workshop on Turkic and Languages in Contact with Turkic (Tu+9), Cornell University
peerreviewed
Prioritizing Community Partners’ Goals in Projects to Support Indigenous Language Revitalization
Katherine J. Riestenberg, Ally Freemond, Brook Danielle Lillehaugen, and Jonathan N. Washington
Decolonizing Linguistics (Ch. 18), 392–406
peerreviewed
Vowel Harmony in Turkic Languages
The Oxford Handbook of Vowel Harmony (Ch. 59), 741–773
2023
proceedings
Issues of Kyrgyz syntactic annotation within the Universal Dependencies framework
Aida Kasieva, Gulnura Dzhumalieva, Anna Thompson, Murat Jumashev, Bermet Chontaeva, and Jonathan Washington
Proceedings of the XI International Conference on Computer Processing of Turkic Languages (TurkLang 2023)
peerreviewed
Bayat, a variety of Iraq Turkic
Sevilay Bayatlı, Ilnar Salimzianov, and Jonathan N. Washington
Journal of Endangered Languages / Tehlikedeki Diller Dergisi, 13(23), 146–162
peerreviewed
What can we learn from the Mongolic material in Kazakh and Kyrgyz?
Heritage and Identity in the Turkic World: Contemporary Scholarship in Memory of Ilse Laude-Cirtautas (1926–2019). Studien zur Sprache, Geschichte und Kultur der Turkvölker, 33, 217–257
2022
peerreviewed
A Free/Open-Source Morphological Transducer for Western Armenian
Hossep Dolatian, Daniel G. Swanson, and Jonathan N. Washington
Proceedings of «Processing Language Variation: Digital Armenian» (DigitAm) Workshop at the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2022), 1–7
peerreviewed
A Free/Open-Source Morphological Analyser and Generator for Sakha
Sardana Ivanova, Jonathan N. Washington, and Francis M. Tyers
Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2022), 5137–5142
peerreviewed
Non-finite verb forms in Turkic exhibit syncretism, not multifunctionality
Jonathan N. Washington, Francis M. Tyers, and Ilnar Salimzianov
Folia Linguistica
2021
peerreviewed
Towards a morphological transducer and orthography converter for Western Tlacolula Valley Zapotec
Jonathan N. Washington, Felipe H. Lopez, and Brook Danielle Lillehaugen
Proceedings of the First Workshop on Natural Language Processing for Indigenous Languages of the Americas (AmericasNLP), 185–193
2020
peerreviewed
Unsupervised Weighting of Transfer Rules in Rule-Based Machine Translation using Maximum-Entropy Approach
Sevilay Bayatlı, Sefer Kurnaz, Aboelhamd Ali, Jonathan North Washington, and Francis M. Tyers
Journal of Information Science and Engineering, 36(2), 309–322
peerreviewed
Multi-script morphological transducers and transcribers for seven Turkic languages
Jonathan Washington, Francis M. Tyers, and Oğuzhan Kuyrukçu
Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Turkic and languages in contact with Turkic (Tu+5)
2019
peerreviewed
Free/Open-Source technologies for Turkic languages developed in the Apertium project
Jonathan N. Washington, Ilnar Salimzianov, Francis M. Tyers, Memduh Gökırmak, Sardana Ivanova, and Oğuzhan Kuyrukçu
Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Computer Processing of Turkic Languages (TurkLang 2019), 30–71
peerreviewed
A free/open-source rule-based machine translation system for Crimean Tatar to Turkish
Memduh Gökırmak, Francis M. Tyers, and Jonathan North Washington
Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Technologies for MT of Low Resource Languages (LoResMT 2019, at Machine Translation Summit XVII), 24–31
peerreviewed
A biscriptual morphological transducer for Crimean Tatar
Francis M. Tyers, Jonathan Washington, Darya Kavitskaya, Memduh Gökırmak, Nick Howell, and Remziye Berberova
Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Computational Methods for Endangered Languages, 1, 74–80
peerreviewed
A phonetic study of length and duration in Kyrgyz vowels
Nathaniel Ziv Stern and Jonathan Washington
Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Turkic and languages in contact with Turkic (Tu+4)
peerreviewed
Delineating Turkic non-finite verb forms by syntactic function
Jonathan Washington and Francis Morton Tyers
Proceedings of the 4th workshop on Turkic and languages in contact with Turkic (Tu+4), 132–146
proceedings
An Investigation of the Articulatory Correlates of Vowel Anteriority in Kazakh, Kyrgyz, and Turkish using Ultrasound Tongue Imaging
Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Penn Linguistics Conference (PLC42) University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics, 25, 219–228
proceedings
Turkic Nasal Harmony as Surface Correspondence
Andrew Lamont and Jonathan Washington
University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics, 25, 169–178
2018
peerreviewed
An ultrasound study of the articulatory correlates of vowel anteriority in three Turkic languages
Tu+1: Proceedings of the first workshop on Turkish, Turkic and the languages of Turkey: November 21 - November 22, 2015, UMass Amherst, 161–178
peerreviewed
Rule-based machine translation from Kazakh to Turkish
Sevilay Bayatli, Sefer Kurnaz, Ilnar Salimzyanov, Jonathan North Washington, and Francis M. Tyers
Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference of the European Association for Machine Translation (EAMT 2018), 49–58
peerreviewed
Apertium's Web Toolchain for Low-Resource Language Technology
Sushain Cherivirala, Shardul Chiplunkar, Jonathan North Washington, and Kevin Brubeck Unhammer
The 13th Conference of The Association for Machine Translation in the Americas Workshop Proceedings: Technologies for MT of Low Resource Languages (LoResMT 2018), 53–62
peerreviewed
UD Annotatrix: An annotation tool for Universal Dependencies
Francis M. Tyers, Maria Sheyanova, and Jonathan Washington
Proceedings of the 16th International Workshop on Treebanks and Linguistic Theories (TLT16), 10–17
proceedings
A finite-State morphological analyzer for Wolaytta
Tewodros A. Gebreselassie, Jonathan N. Washington, and Michael Gasser
Information and Communication Technology for Development for Africa: Proceedings for the First International Conference on Information and Communication Technology for Development for Africa (ICT4DA 2017), Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, September 25-27, 2017. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 244, 14–23
proceedings
An Acoustic Analysis of Vowel Insertion at Syllable Edges in Turkish
Hassan Bokhari, Mustafa Durmaz, and Jonathan Washington
Proceedings of the Second Conference on Central Asian Languages and Linguistics (ConCALL-2), Bloomington, IN, 43–53
2017
proceedings
An assessment of Universal Dependency annotation guidelines for Turkic languages
Francis M. Tyers, Jonathan Washington, Çağrı Çöltekin, and Aibek Makazhanov
Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Turkic Language Processing (TurkLang 2017), 1, 356–377
proceedings
Syllable-aware Neural Language Models: A Failure to Beat Character-aware Ones
Zhenisbek Assylbekov, Rustem Takhanov, Bagdat Myrzakhmetov, and Jonathan N. Washington
Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, Copenhagen, Denmark, 1866–1872
2016
peerreviewed
Development of a finite-state model for morphological processing of Tuvan
J. N. Washington, A. Bayyr-ool, A. Salchak, and F. M. Tyers
Родной Язык, 1(4), 156–187
proceedings
Phylogenetic simulations over constraint-based grammar formalisms
Andrew Lamont and Jonathan North Washington
Proceedings of the NAACL Student Research Workshop, San Diego, California, 102–108
proceedings
A finite-state morphological analyser for Tuvan
Francis Tyers, Jonathan Washington, Aziyana Bayyr-ool, and Aelita Salchak
Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'16), Paris, France, 2562–2567
2015
peerreviewed
The Earliest Attested Turkic Language: The Chieh (*Kir) Language of the Fourth Century A.D.
Shimunek, Andrew, Christopher I. Beckwith, Jonathan North Washington, Nicholas Kontovas, and Kurban Niyaz
Journal Asiatique, 303(1), 143–151
proceedings
Towards a free/open-source universal-de­pen­den­cy treebank for Kazakh
Francis Tyers and Jonathan Washington
Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Computer Processing in Turkic Languages (TurkLang 2015), Qazan, Tatarstan, 276–289
2014
proceedings
Stress in Saudi Diaspora Uzbek and its relation to stress in Turkish
Hassan Bokhari and Jonathan North Washington
Proceedings of the 1st Conference on Central Asian Languages and Linguistics (ConCALL), Bloomington, IN, 51–61
proceedings
Finite-state morphological transducers for three Kypchak languages
Jonathan North Washington, Ilnar Salimzyanov, and Francis M. Tyers
Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'14), 3378–3385
2013
proceedings
A free/open-source Kazakh-Tatar machine translation system
Ilnar Salimzyanov, Jonathan North Washington, and Francis Morton Tyers
Proceedings of the XIV Machine Translation Summit (Nice, France), 175–182
2012
proceedings
A finite-state morphological transducer for Kyrgyz
Jonathan Washington, Mirlan Ipasov, and Francis Tyers
Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'12), İstanbul, Turkey, 934–940
proceedings
A prototype machine translation system for Tatar and Bashkir based on free/open-source components
Tyers, Francis, Jonathan North Washington, Ilnar Salimzyan, and Rustam Batalov
Proceedings of the First Workshop on Language Resources and Technologies for Turkic Languages at the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'12), İstanbul, Turkey, 11–14

Conference presentations

2026
presentation
Negation of Turkic non-verbal clauses: Analysis and Universal Dependencies Implementation
Nikolett Mus, Furkan Akkurt, Bermet Chontaeva, Soudabeh Eslami, Sardana Ivanova, Çağrı Çöltekin, Jonathan N. Washington, Gulnura Dzhumalieva, and Aida Kasieva
The Ninth Workshop on Universal Dependencies (UDW 2026), at the 15th biennial Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC 2026), Palma, Mallorca, Espanya
presentation
A Morphological Transducer for the Limbu Language
Avyaya Singh and Jonathan North Washington
The second workshop on Challenges in Processing South Asian Languages (CHiPSAL), at the 15th biennial Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC 2026), Palma, Mallorca, Espanya
presentation
(Most) Russian palatalisation contrasts use tongue root
Tehya Banach, Denis Tokmashev, and Jonathan Washington
Satellite Workshop on Post-velar Ultrasound at the 20th Conference on Laboratory Phonology (LabPhon 20), Montréal, Québec
presentation
Quantifying tongue area contributions through points of maximum curvature
Yana Outkin and Jonathan Washington
Satellite Workshop on Post-velar Ultrasound at the 20th Conference on Laboratory Phonology (LabPhon 20), Montréal, Québec
presentation
Inconsistencies in the role of the tongue root in phonological contrasts
Yana Outkin, Tehya Banach, and Jonathan N. Washington
20th Conference on Laboratory Phonology (LabPhon 20), Montréal, Québec
presentation
The role of tongue root anteriority in the Dolgan vowel system
Tehya Banach, Yana Outkin, Mark M. Zimin, Zoya N. Ichin-Norbu, and Jonathan N. Washington
11th Workshop on Turkic and Languages in Contact with Turkic (Tu+11), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (+online)
presentation
Tokenisation of Turkic Copula Constructions in Universal Dependencies
Cağrı Çöltekin, Furkan Akkurt, Bermet Chontaeva, Soudabeh Eslami, Sardana Ivanova, Gulnura Dzhumalieva, Aida Kasieva, Nikolett Mus, and Jonathan Washington
SIGTURK 2026 Workshop @ EACL 2026 (The Second Workshop on Natural Language Processing for Turkic Languages at The 19th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, organised by the Association for Computational Linguistics Special Interest Group on Turkic Languages), ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ, ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ
2025
presentation
The Annotation of Turkic Copula Verbs in UD
Aida Kasieva, Nikolett Mus, Arofat Akhundjanova, Furkan Akkurt, Bermet Chontaeva, Gulnura Dzhumalieva, Soudabeh Eslami, Murat Jumashev, and Jonathan Washington
The XIII International Conference on Computer Processing of Turkic Languages (TurkLang 2025) at the 10th International Conference on Computer Science and Engineering (UBMK 2025), İstanbul, Türkiye (+online)
presentation
Turkic copula strategies: Grammaticalisation, Typology, Universal Dependencies
2nd Workshop on Universal Dependencies for Turkic Languages (UDTW2) at SyntaxFest 2025, Ljubljana, Slovenija
presentation
Towards a Hän morphological transducer
Maura O’Leary, Joseph Lukner, Finn Verdonk, Willem de Reuse, and Jonathan Washington
ComputEL-8: 8th Workshop on Computational Methods for Endangered Languages, Honolulu, Hawaiʻi (+online)
presentation
Constructed Languages in the Academy: Experiences, Challenges, and Potential
Julia Papke, John H. G. Scott, Jonathan N. Washington, and Joseph W. Windsor
11th Language Creation Conference, University of Maryland. Panel presentation
presentation
Central Asian Turkic and Khalkha past tense systems arose through balanced Turkic-Mongolic contact
Joshua Sims, Zhiyu Mia Gong, and Jonathan Washington
10th Workshop on Turkic and Languages in Contact with Turkic (Tu+10), University of Southern California (+online)
presentation
Space and Attention in the Kyrgyz Demonstrative System
Eszter Ótott-Kovács, Tolgonay Kubatova, Harrison Saunders, and Jonathan Washington
The 2025 Annual Meeting of the Linguistic Society of America (LSA 2025), Philadelphia
presentation
A new approach to calculating allophonic balance and functional load
Naomi Gurevich, Zhenisbek Assylbekov, Maxat Tezekbayev, Heejin Kim, and Jonathan Washington
The 2025 Annual Meeting of the Linguistic Society of America (LSA 2025), Philadelphia
presentation
Only weak /n/asals in Kazakh maximize sonority falls
Andrew Lamont and Jonathan N. Washington
The 2025 Annual Meeting of the Linguistic Society of America (LSA 2025), Philadelphia
2024
presentation
Vector Embeddings and Signal Phrases for Word-Sense Disambiguation in Kyrgyz
Aida Kasieva, Gulnura Dzhumalieva, Aizat Kadyrbekova, Murat Jumashev, Turgunbek Omurkanov, Aikokul Tashpulatova, Adilet Sadambekov, and Jonathan North Washington
The XII International Conference on Computer Processing of Turkic Languages (TurkLang 2024), Qazan, Tatarstan
presentation
Parallels Between Central Asian Turkic and Mongolic Past Tense Systems
Joshua Sims, Zhiyu Mia Gong, and Jonathan Washington
The Mongolia Society's 2024 Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C.
presentation
ultrapolaRplot: A free/open-source R library for plotting tongue traces
Yana Outkin and Jonathan Washington
UltraFest XI: Ultrasound Imaging for Speech and Language Conference, 会津若松市, 日本国 (+online)
presentation
An X6-1 transducer clip for the UltraFit headset
Saumya Raj and Jonathan Washington
UltraFest XI: Ultrasound Imaging for Speech and Language Conference, 会津若松市, 日本国 (+online)
presentation
Strategies for the Annotation of Pronominalised Locatives in Turkic Universal Dependency Treebanks
Jonathan Washington, Çağrı Çöltekin, Furkan Akkurt, Bermet Chontaeva, Soudabeh Eslami, Gulnura Jumalieva, Aida Kasieva, Aslı Kuzgun, Büşra Marşan, and Chihiro Taguchi
Joint Workshop on Multiword Expressions and Universal Dependencies (MWE-UD 2024) at the 2024 Joint International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC-COLING 2024), Turin, Italia
presentation
Turkic Relative Clauses in Northern Tajik Persian: From Analytic to Synthetic Morphology
Afsheen Sharifzadeh, Hossep Dolatian, and Jonathan North Washington
9th Workshop on Turkic and Languages in Contact with Turkic (Tu+9), Cornell University
presentation
Unifying the Annotations in Turkic Universal Dependencies Treebanks
Furkan Akkurt, Bermet Chontaeva, Çağrı Cöltekin, Mehmet Oguz Derin, Gulnura Dzhumalieva, Soudabeh Eslami, Tunga Güngör, Sardana Ivanova, Murat Jumashev, Aida Kasieva, Aslı Kuzgun, Büşra Marşan, Balkız Öztürk, Chihiro Taguchi, Suzan Üsküdarlı, Jonathan Washington, and Olcay Taner Yıldız
Universality, diversity and idiosyncrasy in language technology (UniDive) 2nd general meeting, Napule, Italia
2023
presentation
Issues of Kyrgyz syntactic annotation within the Universal Dependencies framework
Aida Kasieva, Gulnura Dzhumalieva, Anna Thompson, Murat Jumashev, Bermet Chontaeva, and Jonathan Washington
The XI International Conference on Computer Processing of Turkic Languages (TurkLang 2023), Buxoro, O‘zbekiston (+online)
presentation
Supporting minoritised languages through language technology: what's needed (for Turkic) and why bother?
Annual Conference of the Central Eurasian Studies Society (CESS 2023), University of Pittsburgh
presentation
Towards a UD treebank for Kyrgyz
Aida Kasieva, Gulnura Dzhumalieva, Anna Thompson, and Jonathan Washington
UD (Universal Dependencies) Turkic Workshop 2023, İstanbul, Türkiye (+online)
presentation
(Turkic) vowel harmony is not an analytically unifiable phenomenon
Tu+8: 8th workshop on Turkic and languages in contact with Turkic
2022
presentation
A Free/Open-Source Morphological Transducer for Western Armenian
Hossep Dolatian, Daniel G. Swanson, and Jonathan N. Washington
«Processing Language Variation: Digital Armenian» (DigitAm) Workshop at the Thirteenth Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2022), Marselha, França (+online)
presentation
Mongolic loanwords in Kazakh and Kyrgyz
Joint Annual Meeting of the Mongolia Society and Annual Central Eurasian Studies Society Conference, Indiana University
2021
presentation
A Prototype Free/Open-Source Morphological Analyser and Generator for Sakha
Sardana Ivanova, Francis M. Tyers, and Jonathan N. Washington
The fifth Widening NLP Workshop (WiNLP) at 2021 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP 2021), Punta Cana, República Dominicana (+online)
presentation
Kyrgyz Encodes Non-Confirmativity in its Past-Tense Paradigm
Martin Rakowszczyk, Jonathan Washington, and Tolgonay Kubatova
20th International Conference on Turkish Linguistics (ICTL20), Anadolu Üniversitesi, Eskişehir, Türkiye (online)
2020
presentation
Why categorising Turkic non-finite verb forms correctly matters for NLP
Jonathan N. Washington and Francis M. Tyers
The Eighth International Conference on Computer Processing of Turkic Languages (TurkLang 2020), Öfö, Bashqortostan (+online)
presentation
An ultrasound study of dorsal stops in Tatar and Qumuq
Jonathan Washington, Denis Tokmashev, Alsu Badrtdinova, Zarema Tarkovskaya, Mark Zimin, Vera Maltseva, Nikolay Urtegeshev, Tatiana Ryzhikova, Valeriya Lemskaya, and Anna Dybo
UltraFest IX: Ultrasound Imaging for Speech and Language Virtual Conference
presentation
UltraTrace: A free/open-source cross-platform tool for manual annotation of ultrasound tongue imaging data
Kevin Murphy, Nathaniel Ziv Stern, Daniel Swanson, Caleb Ho, and Jonathan Washington
UltraFest IX: Ultrasound Imaging for Speech and Language Virtual Conference
presentation
Undershoot in Kyrgyz short vowels is articulatory conditioned
Nathaniel Ziv Stern and Jonathan Washington
UltraFest IX: Ultrasound Imaging for Speech and Language Virtual Conference
presentation
Multifunctionality of non-finite verb forms in Turkic languages
Jonathan N. Washington, Francis M. Tyers, and Ilnar Salimzianov
Workshop on multifunctionality and syncretism in non-finite forms, 53rd Annual Meeting of the Societas Linguistica Europaea (SLE 2020)
presentation
Multi-script morphological transducers and transcribers for seven Turkic languages
Jonathan Washington, Francis M. Tyers, and Oğuzhan Kuyrukçu
Tu+5: 5th workshop on Turkic and languages in contact with Turkic, University of Delaware
presentation
Stem Identity in Kazakh
Andrew Lamont and Jonathan Washington
The 94th Annual Meeting of the Linguistic Society of America (LSA 2020)
2019
presentation
Free/Open-Source technologies for Turkic languages developed in the Apertium project
Jonathan N. Washington, Ilnar Salimzianov, Francis M. Tyers, Memduh Gökırmak, Sardana Ivanova, and Oğuzhan Kuyrukçu
The Seventh International Conference on Computer Processing of Turkic Languages (TurkLang 2019), Aqmescit/Simferopol, Republic of Crimea
presentation
A free/open-source rule-based machine translation system for Crimean Tatar to Turkish
Memduh Gökırmak, Francis M. Tyers, and Jonathan North Washington
The 2nd Workshop on Technologies for MT of Low Resource Languages (LoResMT 2019), at Machine Translation Summit XVII, Dublin, Éire
presentation
A biscriptual morphological transducer for Crimean Tatar
Francis M. Tyers, Jonathan Washington, Darya Kavitskaya, Memduh Gökırmak, Nick Howell, and Remziye Berberova
ComputEL-3: 3rd Workshop on Computational Methods for Endangered Languages
presentation
The phonetic correlates of the Kyrgyz vowel length distinction
Nathaniel Ziv Stern and Jonathan Washington
Tu+4: 4th workshop on Turkic and languages in contact with Turkic, New York University
presentation
Delineating Turkic non-finite verb forms by syntactic function
Jonathan Washington and Francis M. Tyers
Tu+4: 4th workshop on Turkic and languages in contact with Turkic, New York University
2018
presentation
A phonetic study of the vowel system of Teleut
Jonathan Washington and Denis Tokmashev
19th International Conference on Turkish Linguistics (ICTL 19), Astana, Kazakhstan
presentation
Rule-based machine translation from Kazakh to Turkish
Sevilay Bayatli, Sefer Kurnaz, Ilnar Salimzyanov, Jonathan North Washington, and Francis M. Tyers
The 21st Annual Conference of the European Association for Machine Translation (EAMT 2018), Alacant, Espanya
presentation
Apertium's Web Toolchain for Low-Resource Language Technology
Sushain Cherivirala, Shardul Chiplunkar, Jonathan North Washington, and Kevin Brubeck Unhammer
The 13th Conference of The Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Workshop on Technologies for MT of Low Resource Languages (LoResMT @ AMTA 2018), Boston, MA
presentation
An investigation of the articulatory correlates of vowel anteriority in Kazakh, Kyrgyz, and Turkish using ultrasound tongue imaging
The 42nd Penn Linguistics Conferenced (PLC42), University of Pennsylvania
presentation
Turkic Nasal Harmony as Surface Correspondence
Andrew Lamont and Jonathan Washington
The 42nd Penn Linguistics Conferenced (PLC42), University of Pennsylvania
presentation
A method for distinguishing tongue surface topology for different categories of speech sound
Jonathan North Washington and Paul A. Washington
175th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Minneapolis, Minnesota
presentation
UD Annotatrix: An annotation tool for Universal Dependencies
Francis M. Tyers, Maria Sheyanova, and Jonathan Washington
16th International Workshop on Treebanks and Linguistic Theories (TLT16), Praha, Česká republika
2017
presentation
An assessment of Universal Dependency annotation guidelines for Turkic languages
Francis M. Tyers, Jonathan Washington, Çağrı Çöltekin, and Aibek Makazhanov
Fifth International Conference on Turkic Language Processing (TurkLang 2017), Qazan, Tatarstan
presentation
A finite-State morphological analyzer for Wolaytta
Tewodros A. Gebreselassie, Jonathan N. Washington, and Michael Gasser
European Alliance for Innovation (EAI) International Conference on Information and Communications Technology (ICT) for Development for Africa, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
presentation
The relation of some Yuan-era Turkic words to the Siberian Sibilant Shift
Jonathan N. Washington and Christopher P. Atwood
18th annual conference of the Central Eurasian Studies Society, Seattle, WA
presentation
Syllable-aware Neural Language Models: A Failure to Beat Cha­rac­ter-aware Ones
Zhenisbek Assylbekov, Rustem Takhanov, Bagdat Myrzakhmetov, and Jonathan N. Washington
Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, Copenhagen, Denmark
presentation
Towards a Systematic Functional Description of Turkic Nominal Morphosyntax
Jonathan North Washington and Francis Tyers
Sixth regional conference of the Central Eurasian Studies Society / Joint ESCAS/CESS Conference, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
2016
presentation
An Acoustic Analysis of Vowel Insertion at Syllable Edges in Turkish
Hassan Bokhari, Mustafa Durmaz, and Jonathan Washington
Second Conference on Central Asian Languages and Linguistics (ConCALL-2), Indiana University
presentation
An investigation of the vowel anteriority contrast in three Turkic languages using ultrasound tongue imaging
Workshop on Turkish, Turkic and the languages of Turkey (Tu+2), Indiana University
presentation
Phylogenetic simulations over constraint-based grammar formalisms
Andrew Lamont and Jonathan North Washington
Student Research Workshop at the 15th Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, San Diego, California
presentation
Modeling Turkic vowel systems articulatorily using ultrasound
23rd annual ACES Central Eurasian Studies Conference, Bloomington, IN
presentation
A free/open-source hybrid morphological disambiguation tool for Kazakh
Zhenisbek Assylbekov, Jonathan North Washington, Francis Tyers, Assulan Nurkas, Aida Sundetova, Aidana Karibayeva, Balzhan Abduali, and Dina Amirova
The First International Conference on Turkic Computational Linguistics at the 17th Annual Conference on Intelligent Text Processing and Computational Linguistics, Konya, Turkey
presentation
A finite-state morphological analyser for Tuvan
Francis Tyers, Jonathan Washington, Aziyana Bayyr-ool, and Aelita Salchak
Tenth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'16), Portorož, Slovenia
2015
presentation
An ultrasound study of the articulatory correlates of vowel anteriority in three Turkic languages
Workshop on Turkish, Turkic and the languages of Turkey (Tu+1), UMass Amherst
presentation
An Ultrasound Study of the Articulatory Correlates of Vowel Anteriority in Kazakh and Kyrgyz
20th Mid-Continental Phonetics Phonology Conference (MidPhon 20), Indiana University
presentation
Finite-state morphologies and text corpora as resources for improving morphological descriptions
Francis Tyers, Tommi Pirinen, and Jonathan Washington
Workshop on Computational Phonology and Morphology at the Linguistic Summer Institute, University of Chicago
presentation
Comparing Distance Metrics for Optimality Theoretic Grammars
Andrew Lamont and Jonathan Washington
Workshop on Computational Phonology and Morphology at the Linguistic Summer Institute, University of Chicago
2014
presentation
Investigation of the role of the tongue root in Kazakh vowel production using ultrasound
168th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, 136(4), 2105–2105
presentation
Designing finite-state morphological transducers for Kypchak languages
Jonathan North Washington, Ilnar Salimzyanov, and Francis M. Tyers
MorphologyFest: Symposium on Morphological Complexity, Bloomington, IN
presentation
Finite-state morphological transducers for three Kypchak languages
Jonathan North Washington, Ilnar Salimzyanov, and Francis M. Tyers
Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'14), Reykjavík, Iceland
presentation
Stress in Saudi Diaspora Uzbek and its relation to stress in Turkish
Hassan Bokhari and Jonathan North Washington
First Conference on Central Asian Languages and Linguistics (ConCALL), Bloomington, IN
2013
presentation
A free/open-source Kazakh-Tatar machine translation system
Ilnar Salimzyanov, Jonathan North Washington, and Francis Morton Tyers
Machine Translation Summit XIV, Nice, France
presentation
Challenges to designing morphological transducers for Turkic languages
20th annual ACES Central Eurasian Studies Conference, Bloomington, IN
2012
presentation
How Much Contact can Change a Language? The Cases of Kyrgyz, Khalka, and Uyghur
Jonathan Washington, Niko Kontovas, and Andrew Shimunek
13th annual conference of the Central Eurasian Studies Society, Bloomington, IN
presentation
A finite-state morphological transducer for Kyrgyz
Jonathan Washington, Mirlan Ipasov, and Francis Tyers
Eighth annual International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), İstanbul, Turkey
presentation
A prototype machine translation system for Tatar and Bashkir based on free/open-source components
Francis Tyers, Jonathan Washington, Ilnar Salimzyanov, and Rustam Batalov
Eighth annual International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), İstanbul, Turkey
presentation
Language change in progress: the effect of language contact on the phoneme inventory of Central Eurasian languages
Jonathan Washington, Niko Kontovas, and Andrew Shimunek
19th annual ACES Central Eurasian Studies Conference, Indiana University
2011
presentation
Phonological unfaithfulness of Turkic /n/ in initial position
12th annual conference of the Central Eurasian Studies Society, Columbus, OH
presentation
Accounting for consonantal nasal harmony in Kazakh
Fifth annual Linguistics Department Graduate Student Conference, Indiana University
presentation
Morpheme-initial unfaithfulness after consonants in Turkic languages
18th annual ACES Central Eurasian Studies Conference, Indiana University
2010
presentation
Understanding the history of Turkic-Turkic language contact in the Altay region
Fourth annual Linguistics Department Graduate Student Conference, Indiana University
presentation
Turkic-Turkic language contact in the Altay and the linguistic origins of Kyrgyz
17th annual ACES Central Eurasian Studies Conference, Indiana University
2009
presentation
Insights on Coda Cluster Phonology in Kazakh and Kyrgyz from a Split-Margin Approach
Tenth annual conference of the Central Eurasian Studies Society, Toronto, Canada
presentation
Evidence for the Sonority Scale in Kazakh
Third annual Linguistics Department Graduate Student Conference, Indiana University
presentation
Complex codas in Kazakh and Kyrygz
16th annual ACES Central Eurasian Studies Conference, Indiana University
2008
presentation
Historical Interactions among Turkic Groups Inferred through Constraint-based Linguistic Typology
Ninth annual conference on the Central Eurasian Studies Society, Washington, D.C.
2007
presentation
Theoretical linguistics meets Turkic languages: A unification of inter- and cross-linguistic patterns
19th annual Nicholas Poppe Symposium on Central/Inner Asian Studies, Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilization, University of Washington
2006
presentation
A Novel Approach to Delineating Kazakh's Five Present Tenses: Lexical Aspect
Eightieth annual meeting of the Linguistic Society of America (LSA 2006)
2005
presentation
Aspect in the Present Tense in Kazakh: Auxiliaries and their Delineation
Sixth annual conference of the Central Eurasian Studies Society, Boston, MA
presentation
Indicating the Present Tense in Kazakh: By Auxiliary or Light Verb?
Third annual Harvard Undergraduate Linguistics Colloquium
1999
presentation
Does the Hebrew alphabet contain phonetic instructions?
J.N. Washington and P.A. Washington
Arkansas Philological Association, 26th Annual Meeting Program, 16–16

Books

2026
book
Kazakh: An Elementary Textbook
Gulnara Glowacki, Jonathan Washington, and Aliya Sultanova

Theses

2016
thesis
An investigation of vowel anteriority in three Turkic languages using ultrasound tongue imaging
Doctoral Dissertation
2010
thesis
Sonority-based affix unfaithfulness in Turkic languages
Master's Thesis
2005
thesis
An Investigation into Light Verbs in Kazakh (And Their Grammaticalization in the Present Tense)
Senior Honors Thesis

Roundtable and invited talks

2026
invited
Central (Eur)asian Studies at the TriCo: A Covert Curriculum
Slavic and Eurasian Studies Today: An Interdisciplinary Symposium Sponsored by the Mellon Tri-College Faculty Forum
invited
Making meaningful language technology without any machine learning
CLingDing (IU Computational Linguistics symposium)
2025
invited
Creating meaningful language technology for minoritised languages
SPELLL 2025: Fourth International Conference on Speech and Language Technologies for Low-Resource Languages, Indian Institute of Information Technology (IIIT), കോട്ടയം, ഇന്ത്യ (+online). Keynote talk
invited
Minoritised languages and language technology: engaged scholarship and teaching
Swarthmore Faculty Lunch, Swarthmore College. Student Co-Presenter: Alina Vykliuk '26
invited
Central Asian tea-related vocabulary
Central Asian Tea, Swarthmore College
2024
invited
Gender and pronouns in three language families
Genders and Pronouns Across Languages, Swarthmore College
2022
invited
Linguistics, Technologies, and Teaching: Perspectives from a decade of developing language technology with Turkic-speaking communities
Workshop on Resources and Technologies for Indigenous, Endangered and Lesser-resourced Languages in Eurasia (EURALI). Plenary talk
2021
invited
The Phonetics and Phonology of Turkic Vowels and Vowel Harmony
University of Pennsylvania Phonetics Lab meeting
invited
Tracking cultural contact across Eurasia through the Siberian Sibilant Shift
Swarthmore Chinese Senior Colloquium
2020
invited
Зейнехан апайды қазақ тілі оқулықтарының шығуымен құттықтау / Congratulations to Zeynekhan apay on the publication of her Kazakh textbooks
Профессор Зейнехан Күзекованың қазақ тілі оқулықтары тұсаукесері / Presentation of Kazakh language textbooks by Professor Zeinekhan Kuzekova. Prerecorded presentation for event in Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
invited
Current Turkic ultrasound tongue imaging findings from the Swarthmore Phonetics Lab
University of Delaware Phon Group. Distance presentation
2019
invited
Using a wiki in the teaching of Computational Linguistics
Textbook Alternatives: Open and Affordable Resources in the Classroom, Swarthmore College Library. Panelist
2018
invited
Латын әліпбиіне көшу туралы А­ме­ри­кан­дық бір лингвисттің ой-пікірлері (An American linguist's thoughts on the switch to the Latin alphabet)
Латын әліпбиіне көшу — тарихи таңдау (Switching to the Latin alphabet — a historic decision), Almaty, Kazakhstan. Distance presentation
invited
Free/Open-Source text-processing technologies for Kazakh and other Turkic languages
Invited talk at the Computer Science Lab of the National Laboratory Astana, Astana, Kazakhstan
2017
invited
Examining category differences in ultrasound tongue traces
Swarthmore College Academic Technology Stats Lunch
invited
Relating Yuan-era Turkic data to the Siberian Sibilant Shift
Jonathan North Washington and Christopher P. Atwood
Swarthmore College Linguistics Research Roundtable
invited
Free/open-source text-pro­cessing technologies for Turkic languages
Jonathan North Washington and Francis Tyers
Symposium on Turkic Languages and Linguistics, Seattle, WA
invited
Эркин/ачык булактуу тил технологиялары кыргыз жана тектеш тилдер үчүн (Free/Open-Source language technologies for Kyrgyz and beyond)
Open Educational Resources 2017 Summer Camp, Naryn, Kyrgyzstan
2015
invited
Морфологический анализ (Morphological analysis)
UULangTech2015: Улан-Удэнский семинар по языковым тех­но­ло­ги­ям / U­lan-Ude seminar on Language Technologies, Кафедра фи­ло­ло­ги­и Центральной Азии Восточного института Бурят­ско­го государственного у­ни­вер­си­те­та
invited
Turkic languages and models of language relatedness
Languages and Cultures of Asia graduate seminar, University of Wisconsin
2014
invited
Tongue Root Vowel Contrasts in Turkic and Mongolic languages
Central Eurasian Studies Brown Bag Series, Indiana University
2012
invited
Writing morphological transducers for Turkic languages using HFST
CLingDing, discussion group of the IU Computational Linguistics community, Indiana University
invited
The Apertium Machine Translation System
Francis Tyers and Jonathan Washington
TEL conference on computational and cognitive linguistics, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan, Qazan, Tatarstan
2007
invited
Phonetic and Phonological Problems in Kyrgyz: A Ful­bright­er's plans for gathering data in the field
Indiana University Linguistics Department

Digital Scholarship

2024–present
digital scholarship
Apertium-haa: A prototype Free/Open-Source morphological transducer for Hän
Maura O’Leary, Joseph Lukner, Finn Verdonk, Willem de Reuse, and Jonathan Washington
digital scholarship
ultrapolaRplot: A free/open-source R library for plotting tongue traces
Yana Outkin and Jonathan Washington
2024
digital scholarship
X6-1 UltraFit clip: A 3D-printable transdcuer clip for the UltraFit headset
Saumya Raj and Jonathan Washington
2023–present
digital scholarship
Apertium-uum: A prototype Free/Open-Source morphological transducer for Urum
Alina Vykliuk, Sasha Casada, and Jonathan Washington
2023
digital scholarship
Apertium-kat: A prototype Free/Open-Source morphological transducer for Georgian
2021–present
digital scholarship
Apertium-unm: A prototype Free/Open-Source morphological transducer for Unami Lenape
Jonathan Washington and Zachary Kelly
In conjunction with Lenape Nation of Pennsylvania language classes. Can be used online at https://beta.apertium.org/#analysis?aLang=unm
digital scholarship
Free/open source dependency syntax annotated corpus of Kyrgyz proverbs
Aida Kasieva, Gulnura Dzhumalieva, Anna Thompson, and Jonathan Washington
Not yet included in Universal Dependencies
2021
digital scholarship
Apertium-ote: A prototype Free/Open-Source morphological transducer for Hñähñu (Otomí of Mezquital)
Jonathan N. Washington and others
digital scholarship
A Textual Corpus of Western Tlacolula Valley Zapotec
Felipe H. Lopez, Brook Danielle Lillehaugen, and Jonathan N. Washington
digital scholarship
Apertium-spa-ote: A prototype Free/Open-Source rule-based machine translation system for Spanish and Hñähñu (Otomí of Mezquital)
2020–present
digital scholarship
Apertium-tki: A prototype Free/Open-Source morphological transducer for Iraqi Turkmen
Sevilay Bayatlı, Jonathan N. Washington, and others
digital scholarship
Apertium-zab: A prototype Free/Open-Source morphological transducer and orthography converter for Dizhsa (Western Tlacolula Valley Zapotec)
Jonathan N. Washington, Felipe H. Lopez, and Brook Danielle Lillehaugen
digital scholarship
Apertium-tur-tki: A prototype Free/Open-Source rule-based machine translation system for Turkish and Iraqi Turkmen
Sevilay Bayatlı and Jonathan N. Washington
2020
digital scholarship
UltraTrace: A free/open-source cross-platform tool for manual annotation of ultrasound tongue imaging data
Kevin Murphy, Nathaniel Ziv Stern, Daniel Swanson, Caleb Ho, and Jonathan Washington
2019–present
digital scholarship
Apertium-eng-kir: A prototype Free/Open-Source rule-based machine translation system for English and Kyrgyz
Jonathan N. Washington and Daniel Swanson
2018
digital scholarship
A method for distinguishing tongue surface topology for different categories of speech sound
Jonathan North Washington and Paul A. Washington
2017–present
digital scholarship
Apertium-krc: A Free/Open-Source morphological transducer for Karachay-Balkar
Francis M. Tyers, Jonathan N. Washington, and others
digital scholarship
Apertium-kum: A Free/Open-Source morphological transducer for Qumuq
Francis M. Tyers, Jonathan N. Washington, Ağarahim Sultanmuradov, and others
2016–present
digital scholarship
Apertium-ibo: A prototype Free/Open-Source morphological transducer for Igbo
Okonkwo Ifeanyichukwu, Jonathan N. Washington, Ryan Chi, and Francis M. Tyers
digital scholarship
Apertium-byv: A prototype Free/Open-Source morphological transducer for Mə̀dʉ̂mbà
Francis M. Tyers, Ngadou Yopa, Anastasia Kuznetsova, Jonathan N. Washington, and others
2016
digital scholarship
Free/open source dependency syntax annotated corpus of Kazakh
Aibek Makazhanov, Jonathan North Washington, and Francis Tyers
Universal Dependencies. Included in Universal Dependencies versions 1.3 (2016), 1.4, (2016), 2.0 (2017), 2.0 — CoNLL 2017 Shared Task Development and Test Data, 2.1 (2017), 2.2 (2018), 2.3 (2018), 2.4 (2019), 2.5 (2019), 2.6 (2020), 2.7 (2020), 2.8 (2021)
digital scholarship
Free/open source dependency syntax annotation guidelines for Kazakh
Aibek Makazhanov, Jonathan North Washington, and Francis Tyers
Universal Dependencies. Included in Universal Dependencies versions 1.3 (2016), 1.4, (2016), 2.0 (2017), 2.0 — CoNLL 2017 Shared Task Development and Test Data, 2.1 (2017), 2.2 (2018), 2.3 (2018), 2.4 (2019), 2.5 (2019), 2.6 (2020), 2.7 (2020), 2.8 (2021)
2015–present
digital scholarship
UD Annotatrix: An annotation tool for Universal Dependencies
Maria Sheyanova, Francis M. Tyers, Jonathan Washington, Jonathan Pan, Kevin Murphy, Alyaxey Yaskevich, Grzegorz Stark, Diogo S.C. Fernandes, and others
10–17. Public deployment at http://jonorthwash.github.io/ud-annotatrix
digital scholarship
Apertium-alt: A prototype Free/Open-Source morphological transducer for Southern Altay
Denis Tokmashev, Jonathan N. Washington, Francis M. Tyers, and others
digital scholarship
Apertium-uzb-kaa: A prototype Free/Open-Source rule-based machine translation system for Uzbek and Qaraqalpaq
Sharapat Kalabaev, Amirniyaz Mambetniyazov, Azamat Akimniyazov, Jonathan N. Washington, Ilnar Salimzianov, Francis M. Tyers, and others
2015–2018
digital scholarship
Apertium-wal: A Free/Open-Source morphological transducer for Wolaytta
Tewodros A. Gebreselassie, Jonathan N. Washington, and others
2014–present
digital scholarship
Apertium-sah: A Free/Open-Source morphological transducer for Sakha
Sardana Ivanova, Jonathan N. Washington, Francis M. Tyers, and others
digital scholarship
Apertium-kjh: A prototype Free/Open-Source morphological transducer for Khakas
Francis M. Tyers, Jonathan N. Washington, and others
digital scholarship
Apertium-uig: A prototype Free/Open-Source multi-scriptual morphological transducer for Uyghur
Oğuzhan Kuyrukçu, Francis M. Tyers, Jonathan N. Washington, Memduh Gökırmak, Mardan Hoshur, Connor Mayer, and others
digital scholarship
Apertium-yid: A prototype Free/Open-Source morphological transducer for Yiddish
Jonathan N. Washington and others
digital scholarship
Apertium-sjo: A prototype Free/Open-Source morphological transducer for Sibe
Jonathan N. Washington, Francis M. Tyers, and others
digital scholarship
Apertium-crh: A Free/Open-Source biscriptual morphological transducer for Crimean Tatar
Francis M. Tyers, Jonathan N. Washington, Darya Kavitskaya, Memduh Gökırmak, Remziye Berberova, and others
digital scholarship
Apertium-kaz-uig: A prototype Free/Open-Source rule-based machine translation system for Kazakh and Uyghur
Jonathan N. Washington, Francis M. Tyers, and Mardan Hoshur
2013–present
digital scholarship
Apertium-HTML-Tools: Apertium's Web Interface for Low-Resource Language Technology
Sushain Cherivirala, Kevin Brubeck Unhammer, Jonathan North Washington, Francis Tyers, Maathavan Nithiyananthan, Monish Godhiya, Sai Vineet, Jonathan Pan, Shardul Chiplunkar, Tino Didriksen, and others
digital scholarship
Apertium-APy: Apertium's Web API for Low-Resource Language Technology
Sushain Cherivirala, Kevin Brubeck Unhammer, Jonathan North Washington, Xavi Ivars, Tino Didriksen, Shardul Chiplunkar, and others
digital scholarship
Apertium-kaa: A Free/Open-Source multi-scriptual morphological transducer for Qaraqalpaq
Jonathan N. Washington, Francis M. Tyers, Beknazar Abdikamalov, Ilnar Salimzianov, Amirniyaz Mambetniyazov, Sharapat Kalabaev, and others
digital scholarship
Apertium-nog: A prototype Free/Open-Source morphological transducer for Noghay
Francis M. Tyers, Jonathan N. Washington, and others
digital scholarship
Apertium-uzb: A Free/Open-Source multi-scriptual morphological transducer for Uzbek
Elmurod Kuriyozov, Oğuzhan Kuyrukçu, Jonathan N. Washington, Francis M. Tyers, Ilnar Salimzyanov, Sharapat Kalabaev, Kantoro Erkulov, and others
digital scholarship
Apertium-kaz-kaa: A prototype Free/Open-Source rule-based machine translation system for Kazakh and Qaraqalpaq
Beknazar Abdikamalov, Francis M. Tyers, Jonathan N. Washington, and others
digital scholarship
Apertium-khk-kaz: A prototype Free/Open-Source rule-based machine translation system for Khalkha Mongolian and Kazakh
digital scholarship
Apertium-tur-uzb: A prototype Free/Open-Source rule-based machine translation system for Turkish and Uzbek
Oğuzhan Kuyrukçu, Elmurod Kuriyozov, Francis M. Tyers, Gianluca Grossi, Akın Dalki, Jonathan N. Washington, Sevilay Bayatlı, and others
2012–present
digital scholarship
Apertium-tyv: A Free/Open-Source morphological transducer for Tuvan
Aziyana Bayyr-ool, Aelita Salchak, Francis M. Tyers, Jonathan N. Washington, and others
digital scholarship
Apertium-chv: A Free/Open-Source morphological transducer for Chuvash
Francis M. Tyers, Hèctor Alòs i Font, Nikolay Aleksandrov, Ilnar Salimzianov, Jonathan N. Washington, and others
digital scholarship
Apertium-khk: A prototype Free/Open-Source morphological transducer for Khalkha Mongolian
Jonathan N. Washington, Anarsaikhan Tuvshinjargal, and others
digital scholarship
Apertium-eng-kaz: A prototype Free/Open-Source rule-based machine translation system for English and Kazakh
Aida Sundetov, Francis M. Tyers, Mikel L. Forcada, Dina Amirova, Jonathan N. Washington, Ilnar Salimzianov, and others
digital scholarship
Apertium-kaz-tat: A Free/Open-Source rule-based machine translation system for Kazakh and Tatar
Ilnar Salimzianov, Jonathan N. Washington, Francis M. Tyers, and others
2011–present
digital scholarship
Apertium-kaz: A Free/Open-Source multi-scriptual morphological transducer for Kazakh
Ilnar Salimzianov, Jonathan N. Washington, Francis M. Tyers, Aida Sundetov, Zhenisbek Assylbekov, Dina Amirova, Kantoro Erkulov, Sevilay Bayatlı, Assel Baltabayeva, Ryan Chi, and others
digital scholarship
Apertium-kir: A Free/Open-Source multi-scriptual morphological transducer for Kyrgyz
Jonathan N. Washington, Mirlan Ipasov, Kantoro Erkulov, Francis M. Tyers, Oğuzhan Kuyrukçu, and others
digital scholarship
Apertium-bak: A Free/Open-Source morphological transducer for Bashqort
Anna Zueva, Ilnar Salimzianov, Rustam Batalov, Francis M. Tyers, Jonathan N. Washington, and others
digital scholarship
Apertium-tat: A Free/Open-Source morphological transducer for Tatar
Ilnar Salmizianov, Mansur Saykhunov, Jonathan N. Washington, Francis M. Tyers, Anna Zueva, and others
digital scholarship
Apertium-tur: A Free/Open-Source morphological transducer for Turkish
Francis M. Tyers, Oğuzhan Kuyrukçu, Jonathan N. Washington, Gianluca Grossi, Memduh Gökırmak, Sevilay Bayatlı, Ilnar Salimzianov, Elmurod Kuriyozov, and others
digital scholarship
Apertium-tur-kir: A prototype Free/Open-Source rule-based machine translation system for Turkish and Kyrgyz
Francis M. Tyers, Jonathan N. Washington, Mirlan Ipasov, Oğuzhan Kuyrukçu, and Trond Trosterud
digital scholarship
Apertium-tat-bak: A prototype Free/Open-Source rule-based machine translation system for Tatar and Bashqort
Ilnar Salimzianov, Rustam Batalov, Francis M. Tyers, Jonathan N. Washington, Anna Zueva, and others
2011
digital scholarship
Uzbek-English dictionary
Umida Khikmatillaeva and John Erickson
2003
digital scholarship
Zangori Kema: Uzbek - English dictionary / Inglizcha - Oʼzbekcha lugʼat

Other published contributions (invited, honorary, etc.)

2023
other
A Tree-Based Structural Transfer Module for the Apertium Machine Translation Platform
Daniel G. Swanson, Jonathan N. Washington, Francis M. Tyers, and Mikel L. Forcada
Language Resources and Evaluation
2021
other
SIGMORPHON 2021 Shared Task on Morphological Reinflection: Generalization Across Languages
Tiago Pimentel, Maria Ryskina, Sabrina J. Mielke, Shijie Wu, Eleanor Chodroff, Brian Leonard, Garrett Nicolai, Yustinus Ghanggo Ate, Salam Khalifa, Nizar Habash, Charbel El-Khaissi, Omer Goldman, Michael Gasser, William Lane, Matt Coler, Arturo Oncevay, Jaime Rafael Montoya Samame, Gema Celeste Silva Villegas, Adam Ek, Jean-Philippe Bernardy, Andrey Shcherbakov, Aziyana Bayyr-ool, Karina Sheifer, Sofya Ganieva, Matvey Plugaryov, Elena Klyachko, Ali Salehi, Andrew Krizhanovsky, Natalia Krizhanovsky, Clara Vania, Sardana Ivanova, Aelita Salchak, Christopher Straughn, Zoey Liu, Jonathan North Washington, Duygu Ataman, Witold Kieraś, Marcin Woliński, Totok Suhardijanto, Niklas Stoehr, Zahroh Nuriah, Shyam Ratan, Francis M. Tyers, Edoardo M. Ponti, Grant Aiton, Richard J. Hatcher, Emily Prudʼhommeaux, Ritesh Kumar, Mans Hulden, Botond Barta, Dorina Lakatos, Gábor Szolnok, Judit Ács, Mohit Raj, David Yarowsky, Ryan Cotterell, Ben Ambridge, and Ekaterina Vylomova
Proceedings of the 18th SIGMORPHON Workshop on Computational Research in Phonetics, Phonology, and Morphology, 229–259
other
Recent advances in Apertium, a free / open-source rule-based machine translation platform for low-resource languages
Tanmai Khanna, Jonathan N. Washington, Francis M. Tyers, Sevilay Bayatlı, Daniel G. Swanson, Tommi A. Pirinen, Irene Tang, and Hèctor Alòs i Font
Machine Translation
other
Introduction to the Second Issue on Machine Translation for Low-Resource Languages
Chao-Hong Liu, Alina Karakanta, Audrey N. Tong, Oleg Aulov, Ian M. Soboroff, Jonathan Washington, and Xiaobing Zhao
Machine Translation, 35(1), 1–2
2020
other
Introduction to the Special Issue on Machine Translation for Low-Resource Languages
Chao-Hong Liu, Alina Karakanta, Audrey N. Tong, Oleg Aulov, Ian M. Soboroff, Jonathan Washington, and Xiaobing Zhao
Machine Translation, 34(4), 247–249

Language technology

2026
peerreviewed
Negation of Turkic non-verbal clauses: Analysis and Universal Dependencies Implementation
Nikolett Mus, Furkan Akkurt, Bermet Chontaeva, Soudabeh Eslami, Sardana Ivanova, Çağrı Çöltekin, Jonathan N. Washington, Gulnura Dzhumalieva, and Aida Kasieva
Proceedings of the Ninth Workshop on Universal Dependencies (UDW 2026), at the 15th biennial Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC 2026), Palma, Mallorca, Espanya, 97–102
presentation
Negation of Turkic non-verbal clauses: Analysis and Universal Dependencies Implementation
Nikolett Mus, Furkan Akkurt, Bermet Chontaeva, Soudabeh Eslami, Sardana Ivanova, Çağrı Çöltekin, Jonathan N. Washington, Gulnura Dzhumalieva, and Aida Kasieva
The Ninth Workshop on Universal Dependencies (UDW 2026), at the 15th biennial Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC 2026), Palma, Mallorca, Espanya
peerreviewed
A Morphological Transducer for the Limbu Language
Avyaya Singh and Jonathan North Washington
Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Challenges in Processing South Asian Languages (CHiPSAL 2026), at the 15th biennial Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC 2026), Palma, Mallorca, Espanya
presentation
A Morphological Transducer for the Limbu Language
Avyaya Singh and Jonathan North Washington
The second workshop on Challenges in Processing South Asian Languages (CHiPSAL), at the 15th biennial Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC 2026), Palma, Mallorca, Espanya
presentation
Tokenisation of Turkic Copula Constructions in Universal Dependencies
Cağrı Çöltekin, Furkan Akkurt, Bermet Chontaeva, Soudabeh Eslami, Sardana Ivanova, Gulnura Dzhumalieva, Aida Kasieva, Nikolett Mus, and Jonathan Washington
SIGTURK 2026 Workshop @ EACL 2026 (The Second Workshop on Natural Language Processing for Turkic Languages at The 19th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, organised by the Association for Computational Linguistics Special Interest Group on Turkic Languages), ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ, ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ
invited
Making meaningful language technology without any machine learning
CLingDing (IU Computational Linguistics symposium)
2025
invited
Creating meaningful language technology for minoritised languages
SPELLL 2025: Fourth International Conference on Speech and Language Technologies for Low-Resource Languages, Indian Institute of Information Technology (IIIT), കോട്ടയം, ഇന്ത്യ (+online). Keynote talk
peerreviewed
The Annotation of Turkic Copula Verbs in UD
Aida Kasieva, Nikolett Mus, Arofat Akhundjanova, Furkan Akkurt, Bermet Chontaeva, Gulnura Dzhumalieva, Soudabeh Eslami, Murat Jumashev, and Jonathan Washington
Proceedings of 10th International Conference on Computer Science and Engineering (UBMK 2025), 1772–1777
presentation
The Annotation of Turkic Copula Verbs in UD
Aida Kasieva, Nikolett Mus, Arofat Akhundjanova, Furkan Akkurt, Bermet Chontaeva, Gulnura Dzhumalieva, Soudabeh Eslami, Murat Jumashev, and Jonathan Washington
The XIII International Conference on Computer Processing of Turkic Languages (TurkLang 2025) at the 10th International Conference on Computer Science and Engineering (UBMK 2025), İstanbul, Türkiye (+online)
presentation
Turkic copula strategies: Grammaticalisation, Typology, Universal Dependencies
2nd Workshop on Universal Dependencies for Turkic Languages (UDTW2) at SyntaxFest 2025, Ljubljana, Slovenija
presentation
Towards a Hän morphological transducer
Maura O’Leary, Joseph Lukner, Finn Verdonk, Willem de Reuse, and Jonathan Washington
ComputEL-8: 8th Workshop on Computational Methods for Endangered Languages, Honolulu, Hawaiʻi (+online)
invited
Minoritised languages and language technology: engaged scholarship and teaching
Swarthmore Faculty Lunch, Swarthmore College. Student Co-Presenter: Alina Vykliuk '26
2024
presentation
Vector Embeddings and Signal Phrases for Word-Sense Disambiguation in Kyrgyz
Aida Kasieva, Gulnura Dzhumalieva, Aizat Kadyrbekova, Murat Jumashev, Turgunbek Omurkanov, Aikokul Tashpulatova, Adilet Sadambekov, and Jonathan North Washington
The XII International Conference on Computer Processing of Turkic Languages (TurkLang 2024), Qazan, Tatarstan
proceedings
Strategies for the Annotation of Pronominalised Locatives in Turkic Universal Dependency Treebanks
Jonathan Washington, Çağrı Çöltekin, Furkan Akkurt, Bermet Chontaeva, Soudabeh Eslami, Gulnura Jumalieva, Aida Kasieva, Aslı Kuzgun, Büşra Marşan, and Chihiro Taguchi
Proceedings of the Joint Workshop on Multiword Expressions and Universal Dependencies (MWE-UD 2024) at the 2024 Joint International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC-COLING 2024), 207–219
presentation
Strategies for the Annotation of Pronominalised Locatives in Turkic Universal Dependency Treebanks
Jonathan Washington, Çağrı Çöltekin, Furkan Akkurt, Bermet Chontaeva, Soudabeh Eslami, Gulnura Jumalieva, Aida Kasieva, Aslı Kuzgun, Büşra Marşan, and Chihiro Taguchi
Joint Workshop on Multiword Expressions and Universal Dependencies (MWE-UD 2024) at the 2024 Joint International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC-COLING 2024), Turin, Italia
abstract
Unifying the Annotations in Turkic Universal Dependencies Treebanks
Furkan Akkurt, Bermet Chontaeva, Çağrı Cöltekin, Mehmet Oguz Derin, Gulnura Dzhumalieva, Soudabeh Eslami, Tunga Güngör, Sardana Ivanova, Murat Jumashev, Aida Kasieva, Aslı Kuzgun, Büşra Marşan, Balkız Öztürk, Chihiro Taguchi, Suzan Üsküdarlı, Jonathan Washington, and Olcay Taner Yıldız
Extended abstract at Universality, diversity and idiosyncrasy in language technology (UniDive) 2nd general meeting, Napule, Italia
presentation
Unifying the Annotations in Turkic Universal Dependencies Treebanks
Furkan Akkurt, Bermet Chontaeva, Çağrı Cöltekin, Mehmet Oguz Derin, Gulnura Dzhumalieva, Soudabeh Eslami, Tunga Güngör, Sardana Ivanova, Murat Jumashev, Aida Kasieva, Aslı Kuzgun, Büşra Marşan, Balkız Öztürk, Chihiro Taguchi, Suzan Üsküdarlı, Jonathan Washington, and Olcay Taner Yıldız
Universality, diversity and idiosyncrasy in language technology (UniDive) 2nd general meeting, Napule, Italia
peerreviewed
Prioritizing Community Partners’ Goals in Projects to Support Indigenous Language Revitalization
Katherine J. Riestenberg, Ally Freemond, Brook Danielle Lillehaugen, and Jonathan N. Washington
Decolonizing Linguistics (Ch. 18), 392–406
2023
proceedings
Issues of Kyrgyz syntactic annotation within the Universal Dependencies framework
Aida Kasieva, Gulnura Dzhumalieva, Anna Thompson, Murat Jumashev, Bermet Chontaeva, and Jonathan Washington
Proceedings of the XI International Conference on Computer Processing of Turkic Languages (TurkLang 2023)
presentation
Issues of Kyrgyz syntactic annotation within the Universal Dependencies framework
Aida Kasieva, Gulnura Dzhumalieva, Anna Thompson, Murat Jumashev, Bermet Chontaeva, and Jonathan Washington
The XI International Conference on Computer Processing of Turkic Languages (TurkLang 2023), Buxoro, O‘zbekiston (+online)
presentation
Supporting minoritised languages through language technology: what's needed (for Turkic) and why bother?
Annual Conference of the Central Eurasian Studies Society (CESS 2023), University of Pittsburgh
presentation
Towards a UD treebank for Kyrgyz
Aida Kasieva, Gulnura Dzhumalieva, Anna Thompson, and Jonathan Washington
UD (Universal Dependencies) Turkic Workshop 2023, İstanbul, Türkiye (+online)
other
A Tree-Based Structural Transfer Module for the Apertium Machine Translation Platform
Daniel G. Swanson, Jonathan N. Washington, Francis M. Tyers, and Mikel L. Forcada
Language Resources and Evaluation
2022
invited
Linguistics, Technologies, and Teaching: Perspectives from a decade of developing language technology with Turkic-speaking communities
Workshop on Resources and Technologies for Indigenous, Endangered and Lesser-resourced Languages in Eurasia (EURALI). Plenary talk
peerreviewed
A Free/Open-Source Morphological Transducer for Western Armenian
Hossep Dolatian, Daniel G. Swanson, and Jonathan N. Washington
Proceedings of «Processing Language Variation: Digital Armenian» (DigitAm) Workshop at the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2022), 1–7
presentation
A Free/Open-Source Morphological Transducer for Western Armenian
Hossep Dolatian, Daniel G. Swanson, and Jonathan N. Washington
«Processing Language Variation: Digital Armenian» (DigitAm) Workshop at the Thirteenth Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2022), Marselha, França (+online)
peerreviewed
A Free/Open-Source Morphological Analyser and Generator for Sakha
Sardana Ivanova, Jonathan N. Washington, and Francis M. Tyers
Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2022), 5137–5142
A Free/Open-Source Morphological Analyser and Generator for Sakha
Sardana Ivanova, Jonathan N. Washington, and Francis M. Tyers
The 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2022), Marselha, França (+online)
2021
presentation
A Prototype Free/Open-Source Morphological Analyser and Generator for Sakha
Sardana Ivanova, Francis M. Tyers, and Jonathan N. Washington
The fifth Widening NLP Workshop (WiNLP) at 2021 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP 2021), Punta Cana, República Dominicana (+online)
other
SIGMORPHON 2021 Shared Task on Morphological Reinflection: Generalization Across Languages
Tiago Pimentel, Maria Ryskina, Sabrina J. Mielke, Shijie Wu, Eleanor Chodroff, Brian Leonard, Garrett Nicolai, Yustinus Ghanggo Ate, Salam Khalifa, Nizar Habash, Charbel El-Khaissi, Omer Goldman, Michael Gasser, William Lane, Matt Coler, Arturo Oncevay, Jaime Rafael Montoya Samame, Gema Celeste Silva Villegas, Adam Ek, Jean-Philippe Bernardy, Andrey Shcherbakov, Aziyana Bayyr-ool, Karina Sheifer, Sofya Ganieva, Matvey Plugaryov, Elena Klyachko, Ali Salehi, Andrew Krizhanovsky, Natalia Krizhanovsky, Clara Vania, Sardana Ivanova, Aelita Salchak, Christopher Straughn, Zoey Liu, Jonathan North Washington, Duygu Ataman, Witold Kieraś, Marcin Woliński, Totok Suhardijanto, Niklas Stoehr, Zahroh Nuriah, Shyam Ratan, Francis M. Tyers, Edoardo M. Ponti, Grant Aiton, Richard J. Hatcher, Emily Prudʼhommeaux, Ritesh Kumar, Mans Hulden, Botond Barta, Dorina Lakatos, Gábor Szolnok, Judit Ács, Mohit Raj, David Yarowsky, Ryan Cotterell, Ben Ambridge, and Ekaterina Vylomova
Proceedings of the 18th SIGMORPHON Workshop on Computational Research in Phonetics, Phonology, and Morphology, 229–259
peerreviewed
Towards a morphological transducer and orthography converter for Western Tlacolula Valley Zapotec
Jonathan N. Washington, Felipe H. Lopez, and Brook Danielle Lillehaugen
Proceedings of the First Workshop on Natural Language Processing for Indigenous Languages of the Americas (AmericasNLP), 185–193
Towards a morphological transducer and orthography converter for Western Tlacolula Valley Zapotec
Jonathan N. Washington, Felipe H. Lopez, and Brook Danielle Lillehaugen
First Workshop on Natural Language Processing for Indigenous Languages of the Americas (AmericasNLP), Āltepētl Mēxihco, México (+online)
other
Recent advances in Apertium, a free / open-source rule-based machine translation platform for low-resource languages
Tanmai Khanna, Jonathan N. Washington, Francis M. Tyers, Sevilay Bayatlı, Daniel G. Swanson, Tommi A. Pirinen, Irene Tang, and Hèctor Alòs i Font
Machine Translation
other
Introduction to the Second Issue on Machine Translation for Low-Resource Languages
Chao-Hong Liu, Alina Karakanta, Audrey N. Tong, Oleg Aulov, Ian M. Soboroff, Jonathan Washington, and Xiaobing Zhao
Machine Translation, 35(1), 1–2
2020
other
Introduction to the Special Issue on Machine Translation for Low-Resource Languages
Chao-Hong Liu, Alina Karakanta, Audrey N. Tong, Oleg Aulov, Ian M. Soboroff, Jonathan Washington, and Xiaobing Zhao
Machine Translation, 34(4), 247–249
peerreviewed
Unsupervised Weighting of Transfer Rules in Rule-Based Machine Translation using Maximum-Entropy Approach
Sevilay Bayatlı, Sefer Kurnaz, Aboelhamd Ali, Jonathan North Washington, and Francis M. Tyers
Journal of Information Science and Engineering, 36(2), 309–322
peerreviewed
Multi-script morphological transducers and transcribers for seven Turkic languages
Jonathan Washington, Francis M. Tyers, and Oğuzhan Kuyrukçu
Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Turkic and languages in contact with Turkic (Tu+5)
presentation
Multi-script morphological transducers and transcribers for seven Turkic languages
Jonathan Washington, Francis M. Tyers, and Oğuzhan Kuyrukçu
Tu+5: 5th workshop on Turkic and languages in contact with Turkic, University of Delaware
2019
invited
Using a wiki in the teaching of Computational Linguistics
Textbook Alternatives: Open and Affordable Resources in the Classroom, Swarthmore College Library. Panelist
peerreviewed
Free/Open-Source technologies for Turkic languages developed in the Apertium project
Jonathan N. Washington, Ilnar Salimzianov, Francis M. Tyers, Memduh Gökırmak, Sardana Ivanova, and Oğuzhan Kuyrukçu
Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Computer Processing of Turkic Languages (TurkLang 2019), 30–71
presentation
Free/Open-Source technologies for Turkic languages developed in the Apertium project
Jonathan N. Washington, Ilnar Salimzianov, Francis M. Tyers, Memduh Gökırmak, Sardana Ivanova, and Oğuzhan Kuyrukçu
The Seventh International Conference on Computer Processing of Turkic Languages (TurkLang 2019), Aqmescit/Simferopol, Republic of Crimea
peerreviewed
A free/open-source rule-based machine translation system for Crimean Tatar to Turkish
Memduh Gökırmak, Francis M. Tyers, and Jonathan North Washington
Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Technologies for MT of Low Resource Languages (LoResMT 2019, at Machine Translation Summit XVII), 24–31
presentation
A free/open-source rule-based machine translation system for Crimean Tatar to Turkish
Memduh Gökırmak, Francis M. Tyers, and Jonathan North Washington
The 2nd Workshop on Technologies for MT of Low Resource Languages (LoResMT 2019), at Machine Translation Summit XVII, Dublin, Éire
presentation
A biscriptual morphological transducer for Crimean Tatar
Francis M. Tyers, Jonathan Washington, Darya Kavitskaya, Memduh Gökırmak, Nick Howell, and Remziye Berberova
ComputEL-3: 3rd Workshop on Computational Methods for Endangered Languages
peerreviewed
A biscriptual morphological transducer for Crimean Tatar
Francis M. Tyers, Jonathan Washington, Darya Kavitskaya, Memduh Gökırmak, Nick Howell, and Remziye Berberova
Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Computational Methods for Endangered Languages, 1, 74–80
2018
invited
Free/Open-Source text-processing technologies for Kazakh and other Turkic languages
Invited talk at the Computer Science Lab of the National Laboratory Astana, Astana, Kazakhstan
peerreviewed
Rule-based machine translation from Kazakh to Turkish
Sevilay Bayatli, Sefer Kurnaz, Ilnar Salimzyanov, Jonathan North Washington, and Francis M. Tyers
Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference of the European Association for Machine Translation (EAMT 2018), 49–58
presentation
Rule-based machine translation from Kazakh to Turkish
Sevilay Bayatli, Sefer Kurnaz, Ilnar Salimzyanov, Jonathan North Washington, and Francis M. Tyers
The 21st Annual Conference of the European Association for Machine Translation (EAMT 2018), Alacant, Espanya
presentation
Apertium's Web Toolchain for Low-Resource Language Technology
Sushain Cherivirala, Shardul Chiplunkar, Jonathan North Washington, and Kevin Brubeck Unhammer
The 13th Conference of The Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Workshop on Technologies for MT of Low Resource Languages (LoResMT @ AMTA 2018), Boston, MA
peerreviewed
Apertium's Web Toolchain for Low-Resource Language Technology
Sushain Cherivirala, Shardul Chiplunkar, Jonathan North Washington, and Kevin Brubeck Unhammer
The 13th Conference of The Association for Machine Translation in the Americas Workshop Proceedings: Technologies for MT of Low Resource Languages (LoResMT 2018), 53–62
presentation
UD Annotatrix: An annotation tool for Universal Dependencies
Francis M. Tyers, Maria Sheyanova, and Jonathan Washington
16th International Workshop on Treebanks and Linguistic Theories (TLT16), Praha, Česká republika
peerreviewed
UD Annotatrix: An annotation tool for Universal Dependencies
Francis M. Tyers, Maria Sheyanova, and Jonathan Washington
Proceedings of the 16th International Workshop on Treebanks and Linguistic Theories (TLT16), 10–17
proceedings
A finite-State morphological analyzer for Wolaytta
Tewodros A. Gebreselassie, Jonathan N. Washington, and Michael Gasser
Information and Communication Technology for Development for Africa: Proceedings for the First International Conference on Information and Communication Technology for Development for Africa (ICT4DA 2017), Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, September 25-27, 2017. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 244, 14–23
2017
proceedings
An assessment of Universal Dependency annotation guidelines for Turkic languages
Francis M. Tyers, Jonathan Washington, Çağrı Çöltekin, and Aibek Makazhanov
Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Turkic Language Processing (TurkLang 2017), 1, 356–377
presentation
An assessment of Universal Dependency annotation guidelines for Turkic languages
Francis M. Tyers, Jonathan Washington, Çağrı Çöltekin, and Aibek Makazhanov
Fifth International Conference on Turkic Language Processing (TurkLang 2017), Qazan, Tatarstan
presentation
A finite-State morphological analyzer for Wolaytta
Tewodros A. Gebreselassie, Jonathan N. Washington, and Michael Gasser
European Alliance for Innovation (EAI) International Conference on Information and Communications Technology (ICT) for Development for Africa, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
invited
Free/open-source text-pro­cessing technologies for Turkic languages
Jonathan North Washington and Francis Tyers
Symposium on Turkic Languages and Linguistics, Seattle, WA
invited
Эркин/ачык булактуу тил технологиялары кыргыз жана тектеш тилдер үчүн (Free/Open-Source language technologies for Kyrgyz and beyond)
Open Educational Resources 2017 Summer Camp, Naryn, Kyrgyzstan
2016
peerreviewed
Development of a finite-state model for morphological processing of Tuvan
J. N. Washington, A. Bayyr-ool, A. Salchak, and F. M. Tyers
Родной Язык, 1(4), 156–187
A Free/Open-Source Hybrid Morphological Disambiguation Tool for Kazakh
Zhenisbek Assylbekov, Jonathan N. Washington, Francis M. Tyers, Assulan Nurkas, Aida Sundetova, Aidana Karibayeva, Balzhan Abduali, and Dina Amirova
Proceedings of The First International Conference on Turkic Computational Linguistics (TurCLing 2016), 18–26
presentation
A free/open-source hybrid morphological disambiguation tool for Kazakh
Zhenisbek Assylbekov, Jonathan North Washington, Francis Tyers, Assulan Nurkas, Aida Sundetova, Aidana Karibayeva, Balzhan Abduali, and Dina Amirova
The First International Conference on Turkic Computational Linguistics at the 17th Annual Conference on Intelligent Text Processing and Computational Linguistics, Konya, Turkey
proceedings
A finite-state morphological analyser for Tuvan
Francis Tyers, Jonathan Washington, Aziyana Bayyr-ool, and Aelita Salchak
Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'16), Paris, France, 2562–2567
presentation
A finite-state morphological analyser for Tuvan
Francis Tyers, Jonathan Washington, Aziyana Bayyr-ool, and Aelita Salchak
Tenth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'16), Portorož, Slovenia
2015–present
digital scholarship
UD Annotatrix: An annotation tool for Universal Dependencies
Maria Sheyanova, Francis M. Tyers, Jonathan Washington, Jonathan Pan, Kevin Murphy, Alyaxey Yaskevich, Grzegorz Stark, Diogo S.C. Fernandes, and others
10–17. Public deployment at http://jonorthwash.github.io/ud-annotatrix
2015
invited
Морфологический анализ (Morphological analysis)
UULangTech2015: Улан-Удэнский семинар по языковым тех­но­ло­ги­ям / U­lan-Ude seminar on Language Technologies, Кафедра фи­ло­ло­ги­и Центральной Азии Восточного института Бурят­ско­го государственного у­ни­вер­си­те­та
proceedings
Towards a free/open-source universal-de­pen­den­cy treebank for Kazakh
Francis Tyers and Jonathan Washington
Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Computer Processing in Turkic Languages (TurkLang 2015), Qazan, Tatarstan, 276–289
presentation
Finite-state morphologies and text corpora as resources for improving morphological descriptions
Francis Tyers, Tommi Pirinen, and Jonathan Washington
Workshop on Computational Phonology and Morphology at the Linguistic Summer Institute, University of Chicago
2014
presentation
Designing finite-state morphological transducers for Kypchak languages
Jonathan North Washington, Ilnar Salimzyanov, and Francis M. Tyers
MorphologyFest: Symposium on Morphological Complexity, Bloomington, IN
presentation
Finite-state morphological transducers for three Kypchak languages
Jonathan North Washington, Ilnar Salimzyanov, and Francis M. Tyers
Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'14), Reykjavík, Iceland
proceedings
Finite-state morphological transducers for three Kypchak languages
Jonathan North Washington, Ilnar Salimzyanov, and Francis M. Tyers
Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'14), 3378–3385
2013–present
digital scholarship
Apertium-HTML-Tools: Apertium's Web Interface for Low-Resource Language Technology
Sushain Cherivirala, Kevin Brubeck Unhammer, Jonathan North Washington, Francis Tyers, Maathavan Nithiyananthan, Monish Godhiya, Sai Vineet, Jonathan Pan, Shardul Chiplunkar, Tino Didriksen, and others
digital scholarship
Apertium-APy: Apertium's Web API for Low-Resource Language Technology
Sushain Cherivirala, Kevin Brubeck Unhammer, Jonathan North Washington, Xavi Ivars, Tino Didriksen, Shardul Chiplunkar, and others
2013
presentation
A free/open-source Kazakh-Tatar machine translation system
Ilnar Salimzyanov, Jonathan North Washington, and Francis Morton Tyers
Machine Translation Summit XIV, Nice, France
proceedings
A free/open-source Kazakh-Tatar machine translation system
Ilnar Salimzyanov, Jonathan North Washington, and Francis Morton Tyers
Proceedings of the XIV Machine Translation Summit (Nice, France), 175–182
presentation
Challenges to designing morphological transducers for Turkic languages
20th annual ACES Central Eurasian Studies Conference, Bloomington, IN
2012
invited
Writing morphological transducers for Turkic languages using HFST
CLingDing, discussion group of the IU Computational Linguistics community, Indiana University
presentation
A finite-state morphological transducer for Kyrgyz
Jonathan Washington, Mirlan Ipasov, and Francis Tyers
Eighth annual International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), İstanbul, Turkey
presentation
A prototype machine translation system for Tatar and Bashkir based on free/open-source components
Francis Tyers, Jonathan Washington, Ilnar Salimzyanov, and Rustam Batalov
Eighth annual International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), İstanbul, Turkey
proceedings
A finite-state morphological transducer for Kyrgyz
Jonathan Washington, Mirlan Ipasov, and Francis Tyers
Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'12), İstanbul, Turkey, 934–940
proceedings
A prototype machine translation system for Tatar and Bashkir based on free/open-source components
Tyers, Francis, Jonathan North Washington, Ilnar Salimzyan, and Rustam Batalov
Proceedings of the First Workshop on Language Resources and Technologies for Turkic Languages at the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'12), İstanbul, Turkey, 11–14
invited
The Apertium Machine Translation System
Francis Tyers and Jonathan Washington
TEL conference on computational and cognitive linguistics, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan, Qazan, Tatarstan

Computational linguistics

2025
presentation
A new approach to calculating allophonic balance and functional load
Naomi Gurevich, Zhenisbek Assylbekov, Maxat Tezekbayev, Heejin Kim, and Jonathan Washington
The 2025 Annual Meeting of the Linguistic Society of America (LSA 2025), Philadelphia
2017
proceedings
Syllable-aware Neural Language Models: A Failure to Beat Character-aware Ones
Zhenisbek Assylbekov, Rustem Takhanov, Bagdat Myrzakhmetov, and Jonathan N. Washington
Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, Copenhagen, Denmark, 1866–1872
presentation
Syllable-aware Neural Language Models: A Failure to Beat Cha­rac­ter-aware Ones
Zhenisbek Assylbekov, Rustem Takhanov, Bagdat Myrzakhmetov, and Jonathan N. Washington
Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, Copenhagen, Denmark
2016
presentation
Phylogenetic simulations over constraint-based grammar formalisms
Andrew Lamont and Jonathan North Washington
Student Research Workshop at the 15th Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, San Diego, California
proceedings
Phylogenetic simulations over constraint-based grammar formalisms
Andrew Lamont and Jonathan North Washington
Proceedings of the NAACL Student Research Workshop, San Diego, California, 102–108
2015
presentation
Comparing Distance Metrics for Optimality Theoretic Grammars
Andrew Lamont and Jonathan Washington
Workshop on Computational Phonology and Morphology at the Linguistic Summer Institute, University of Chicago

Socio-historical linguistics

2025
peerreviewed
Central Asian Turkic and Khalkha Past Tense Systems Arose Through Balanced Contact
Joshua Sims, Zhiyu Mia Gong, and Jonathan Washington
Proceedings of the 10th Workshop on Turkic and Languages in Contact with Turkic (Tu+10), University of Southern California
presentation
Central Asian Turkic and Khalkha past tense systems arose through balanced Turkic-Mongolic contact
Joshua Sims, Zhiyu Mia Gong, and Jonathan Washington
10th Workshop on Turkic and Languages in Contact with Turkic (Tu+10), University of Southern California (+online)
invited
Central Asian tea-related vocabulary
Central Asian Tea, Swarthmore College
2024
invited
Gender and pronouns in three language families
Genders and Pronouns Across Languages, Swarthmore College
presentation
Parallels Between Central Asian Turkic and Mongolic Past Tense Systems
Joshua Sims, Zhiyu Mia Gong, and Jonathan Washington
The Mongolia Society's 2024 Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C.
peerreviewed
Prenominal relative clauses in Northern Tajik Persian: Analytic to synthetic morphology and a new contact perspective
Afsheen Sharifzadeh, Hossep Dolatian, and Jonathan North Washington
Proceedings of the 9th Workshop on Turkic and Languages in Contact with Turkic (Tu+9), Cornell University
presentation
Turkic Relative Clauses in Northern Tajik Persian: From Analytic to Synthetic Morphology
Afsheen Sharifzadeh, Hossep Dolatian, and Jonathan North Washington
9th Workshop on Turkic and Languages in Contact with Turkic (Tu+9), Cornell University
2023
peerreviewed
What can we learn from the Mongolic material in Kazakh and Kyrgyz?
Heritage and Identity in the Turkic World: Contemporary Scholarship in Memory of Ilse Laude-Cirtautas (1926–2019). Studien zur Sprache, Geschichte und Kultur der Turkvölker, 33, 217–257
2022
presentation
Mongolic loanwords in Kazakh and Kyrgyz
Joint Annual Meeting of the Mongolia Society and Annual Central Eurasian Studies Society Conference, Indiana University
2017
presentation
The relation of some Yuan-era Turkic words to the Siberian Sibilant Shift
Jonathan N. Washington and Christopher P. Atwood
18th annual conference of the Central Eurasian Studies Society, Seattle, WA
invited
Relating Yuan-era Turkic data to the Siberian Sibilant Shift
Jonathan North Washington and Christopher P. Atwood
Swarthmore College Linguistics Research Roundtable
2015
invited
Turkic languages and models of language relatedness
Languages and Cultures of Asia graduate seminar, University of Wisconsin
2012
presentation
How Much Contact can Change a Language? The Cases of Kyrgyz, Khalka, and Uyghur
Jonathan Washington, Niko Kontovas, and Andrew Shimunek
13th annual conference of the Central Eurasian Studies Society, Bloomington, IN
presentation
Language change in progress: the effect of language contact on the phoneme inventory of Central Eurasian languages
Jonathan Washington, Niko Kontovas, and Andrew Shimunek
19th annual ACES Central Eurasian Studies Conference, Indiana University
2010
presentation
Understanding the history of Turkic-Turkic language contact in the Altay region
Fourth annual Linguistics Department Graduate Student Conference, Indiana University
presentation
Turkic-Turkic language contact in the Altay and the linguistic origins of Kyrgyz
17th annual ACES Central Eurasian Studies Conference, Indiana University
2008
presentation
Historical Interactions among Turkic Groups Inferred through Constraint-based Linguistic Typology
Ninth annual conference on the Central Eurasian Studies Society, Washington, D.C.

Vowels

2026
presentation
Quantifying tongue area contributions through points of maximum curvature
Yana Outkin and Jonathan Washington
Satellite Workshop on Post-velar Ultrasound at the 20th Conference on Laboratory Phonology (LabPhon 20), Montréal, Québec
presentation
Inconsistencies in the role of the tongue root in phonological contrasts
Yana Outkin, Tehya Banach, and Jonathan N. Washington
20th Conference on Laboratory Phonology (LabPhon 20), Montréal, Québec
peerreviewed
The role of tongue root anteriority in the Dolgan vowel system
Tehya Banach, Yana Outkin, Mark M. Zimin, Zoya N. Ichin-Norbu, and Jonathan N. Washington
Proceedings of the 11th Workshop on Turkic and Languages in Contact with Turkic (Tu+11), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
presentation
The role of tongue root anteriority in the Dolgan vowel system
Tehya Banach, Yana Outkin, Mark M. Zimin, Zoya N. Ichin-Norbu, and Jonathan N. Washington
11th Workshop on Turkic and Languages in Contact with Turkic (Tu+11), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (+online)
2024
proceedings
ultrapolaRplot: A free/open-source R library for plotting tongue traces
Yana Outkin and Jonathan Washington
UltraFest XI: Extended Abstracts (Ultrasound Imaging for Speech and Language Conference), University of Aizu, 102–105
proceedings
An X6-1 transducer clip for the UltraFit headset
Saumya Raj and Jonathan Washington
UltraFest XI: Ultrasound Imaging for Speech and Language Conference, University of Aizu, 111–113
presentation
ultrapolaRplot: A free/open-source R library for plotting tongue traces
Yana Outkin and Jonathan Washington
UltraFest XI: Ultrasound Imaging for Speech and Language Conference, 会津若松市, 日本国 (+online)
presentation
An X6-1 transducer clip for the UltraFit headset
Saumya Raj and Jonathan Washington
UltraFest XI: Ultrasound Imaging for Speech and Language Conference, 会津若松市, 日本国 (+online)
peerreviewed
Vowel Harmony in Turkic Languages
The Oxford Handbook of Vowel Harmony (Ch. 59), 741–773
2023
presentation
(Turkic) vowel harmony is not an analytically unifiable phenomenon
Tu+8: 8th workshop on Turkic and languages in contact with Turkic
2021
invited
The Phonetics and Phonology of Turkic Vowels and Vowel Harmony
University of Pennsylvania Phonetics Lab meeting
2020
presentation
An ultrasound study of dorsal stops in Tatar and Qumuq
Jonathan Washington, Denis Tokmashev, Alsu Badrtdinova, Zarema Tarkovskaya, Mark Zimin, Vera Maltseva, Nikolay Urtegeshev, Tatiana Ryzhikova, Valeriya Lemskaya, and Anna Dybo
UltraFest IX: Ultrasound Imaging for Speech and Language Virtual Conference
digital scholarship
UltraTrace: A free/open-source cross-platform tool for manual annotation of ultrasound tongue imaging data
Kevin Murphy, Nathaniel Ziv Stern, Daniel Swanson, Caleb Ho, and Jonathan Washington
presentation
UltraTrace: A free/open-source cross-platform tool for manual annotation of ultrasound tongue imaging data
Kevin Murphy, Nathaniel Ziv Stern, Daniel Swanson, Caleb Ho, and Jonathan Washington
UltraFest IX: Ultrasound Imaging for Speech and Language Virtual Conference
presentation
Undershoot in Kyrgyz short vowels is articulatory conditioned
Nathaniel Ziv Stern and Jonathan Washington
UltraFest IX: Ultrasound Imaging for Speech and Language Virtual Conference
invited
Current Turkic ultrasound tongue imaging findings from the Swarthmore Phonetics Lab
University of Delaware Phon Group. Distance presentation
2019
presentation
The phonetic correlates of the Kyrgyz vowel length distinction
Nathaniel Ziv Stern and Jonathan Washington
Tu+4: 4th workshop on Turkic and languages in contact with Turkic, New York University
peerreviewed
A phonetic study of length and duration in Kyrgyz vowels
Nathaniel Ziv Stern and Jonathan Washington
Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Turkic and languages in contact with Turkic (Tu+4)
proceedings
An Investigation of the Articulatory Correlates of Vowel Anteriority in Kazakh, Kyrgyz, and Turkish using Ultrasound Tongue Imaging
Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Penn Linguistics Conference (PLC42) University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics, 25, 219–228
2018
peerreviewed
An ultrasound study of the articulatory correlates of vowel anteriority in three Turkic languages
Tu+1: Proceedings of the first workshop on Turkish, Turkic and the languages of Turkey: November 21 - November 22, 2015, UMass Amherst, 161–178
presentation
A phonetic study of the vowel system of Teleut
Jonathan Washington and Denis Tokmashev
19th International Conference on Turkish Linguistics (ICTL 19), Astana, Kazakhstan
presentation
An investigation of the articulatory correlates of vowel anteriority in Kazakh, Kyrgyz, and Turkish using ultrasound tongue imaging
The 42nd Penn Linguistics Conferenced (PLC42), University of Pennsylvania
digital scholarship
A method for distinguishing tongue surface topology for different categories of speech sound
Jonathan North Washington and Paul A. Washington
presentation
A method for distinguishing tongue surface topology for different categories of speech sound
Jonathan North Washington and Paul A. Washington
175th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Minneapolis, Minnesota
2017
invited
Examining category differences in ultrasound tongue traces
Swarthmore College Academic Technology Stats Lunch
2016
presentation
An investigation of the vowel anteriority contrast in three Turkic languages using ultrasound tongue imaging
Workshop on Turkish, Turkic and the languages of Turkey (Tu+2), Indiana University
presentation
Modeling Turkic vowel systems articulatorily using ultrasound
23rd annual ACES Central Eurasian Studies Conference, Bloomington, IN
thesis
An investigation of vowel anteriority in three Turkic languages using ultrasound tongue imaging
Doctoral Dissertation
2015
presentation
An ultrasound study of the articulatory correlates of vowel anteriority in three Turkic languages
Workshop on Turkish, Turkic and the languages of Turkey (Tu+1), UMass Amherst
presentation
An Ultrasound Study of the Articulatory Correlates of Vowel Anteriority in Kazakh and Kyrgyz
20th Mid-Continental Phonetics Phonology Conference (MidPhon 20), Indiana University
2014
presentation
Investigation of the role of the tongue root in Kazakh vowel production using ultrasound
168th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, 136(4), 2105–2105
invited
Tongue Root Vowel Contrasts in Turkic and Mongolic languages
Central Eurasian Studies Brown Bag Series, Indiana University

Syllable-edge phonology

2025
presentation
Only weak /n/asals in Kazakh maximize sonority falls
Andrew Lamont and Jonathan N. Washington
The 2025 Annual Meeting of the Linguistic Society of America (LSA 2025), Philadelphia
2020
presentation
Stem Identity in Kazakh
Andrew Lamont and Jonathan Washington
The 94th Annual Meeting of the Linguistic Society of America (LSA 2020)
2019
proceedings
Turkic Nasal Harmony as Surface Correspondence
Andrew Lamont and Jonathan Washington
University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics, 25, 169–178
2018
presentation
Turkic Nasal Harmony as Surface Correspondence
Andrew Lamont and Jonathan Washington
The 42nd Penn Linguistics Conferenced (PLC42), University of Pennsylvania
proceedings
An Acoustic Analysis of Vowel Insertion at Syllable Edges in Turkish
Hassan Bokhari, Mustafa Durmaz, and Jonathan Washington
Proceedings of the Second Conference on Central Asian Languages and Linguistics (ConCALL-2), Bloomington, IN, 43–53
2016
presentation
An Acoustic Analysis of Vowel Insertion at Syllable Edges in Turkish
Hassan Bokhari, Mustafa Durmaz, and Jonathan Washington
Second Conference on Central Asian Languages and Linguistics (ConCALL-2), Indiana University
2011
presentation
Phonological unfaithfulness of Turkic /n/ in initial position
12th annual conference of the Central Eurasian Studies Society, Columbus, OH
presentation
Accounting for consonantal nasal harmony in Kazakh
Fifth annual Linguistics Department Graduate Student Conference, Indiana University
presentation
Morpheme-initial unfaithfulness after consonants in Turkic languages
18th annual ACES Central Eurasian Studies Conference, Indiana University
2010
thesis
Sonority-based affix unfaithfulness in Turkic languages
Master's Thesis
2009
presentation
Insights on Coda Cluster Phonology in Kazakh and Kyrgyz from a Split-Margin Approach
Tenth annual conference of the Central Eurasian Studies Society, Toronto, Canada
presentation
Evidence for the Sonority Scale in Kazakh
Third annual Linguistics Department Graduate Student Conference, Indiana University
presentation
Complex codas in Kazakh and Kyrygz
16th annual ACES Central Eurasian Studies Conference, Indiana University
2007
presentation
Theoretical linguistics meets Turkic languages: A unification of inter- and cross-linguistic patterns
19th annual Nicholas Poppe Symposium on Central/Inner Asian Studies, Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilization, University of Washington

Language Documentation

2026
peerreviewed
The Phonology of Turkish
Jonathan N. Washington and Nicholas Kontovas
International Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics
book
Kazakh: An Elementary Textbook
Gulnara Glowacki, Jonathan Washington, and Aliya Sultanova
2025
peerreviewed
Space and Attention in the Kyrgyz Demonstrative System
Eszter Ótott-Kovács, Tolgonay Kubatova, Harrison Saunders, and Jonathan Washington
Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America, 10(1)
presentation
Space and Attention in the Kyrgyz Demonstrative System
Eszter Ótott-Kovács, Tolgonay Kubatova, Harrison Saunders, and Jonathan Washington
The 2025 Annual Meeting of the Linguistic Society of America (LSA 2025), Philadelphia
2023
peerreviewed
Bayat, a variety of Iraq Turkic
Sevilay Bayatlı, Ilnar Salimzianov, and Jonathan N. Washington
Journal of Endangered Languages / Tehlikedeki Diller Dergisi, 13(23), 146–162
2022
peerreviewed
Non-finite verb forms in Turkic exhibit syncretism, not multifunctionality
Jonathan N. Washington, Francis M. Tyers, and Ilnar Salimzianov
Folia Linguistica
2021
presentation
Kyrgyz Encodes Non-Confirmativity in its Past-Tense Paradigm
Martin Rakowszczyk, Jonathan Washington, and Tolgonay Kubatova
20th International Conference on Turkish Linguistics (ICTL20), Anadolu Üniversitesi, Eskişehir, Türkiye (online)
2020
invited
Зейнехан апайды қазақ тілі оқулықтарының шығуымен құттықтау / Congratulations to Zeynekhan apay on the publication of her Kazakh textbooks
Профессор Зейнехан Күзекованың қазақ тілі оқулықтары тұсаукесері / Presentation of Kazakh language textbooks by Professor Zeinekhan Kuzekova. Prerecorded presentation for event in Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
presentation
Why categorising Turkic non-finite verb forms correctly matters for NLP
Jonathan N. Washington and Francis M. Tyers
The Eighth International Conference on Computer Processing of Turkic Languages (TurkLang 2020), Öfö, Bashqortostan (+online)
presentation
Multifunctionality of non-finite verb forms in Turkic languages
Jonathan N. Washington, Francis M. Tyers, and Ilnar Salimzianov
Workshop on multifunctionality and syncretism in non-finite forms, 53rd Annual Meeting of the Societas Linguistica Europaea (SLE 2020)
2019
presentation
Delineating Turkic non-finite verb forms by syntactic function
Jonathan Washington and Francis M. Tyers
Tu+4: 4th workshop on Turkic and languages in contact with Turkic, New York University
peerreviewed
Delineating Turkic non-finite verb forms by syntactic function
Jonathan Washington and Francis Morton Tyers
Proceedings of the 4th workshop on Turkic and languages in contact with Turkic (Tu+4), 132–146
2017
presentation
Towards a Systematic Functional Description of Turkic Nominal Morphosyntax
Jonathan North Washington and Francis Tyers
Sixth regional conference of the Central Eurasian Studies Society / Joint ESCAS/CESS Conference, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
2014
presentation
Stress in Saudi Diaspora Uzbek and its relation to stress in Turkish
Hassan Bokhari and Jonathan North Washington
First Conference on Central Asian Languages and Linguistics (ConCALL), Bloomington, IN
proceedings
Stress in Saudi Diaspora Uzbek and its relation to stress in Turkish
Hassan Bokhari and Jonathan North Washington
Proceedings of the 1st Conference on Central Asian Languages and Linguistics (ConCALL), Bloomington, IN, 51–61
2011
digital scholarship
Uzbek-English dictionary
Umida Khikmatillaeva and John Erickson
2007
invited
Phonetic and Phonological Problems in Kyrgyz: A Ful­bright­er's plans for gathering data in the field
Indiana University Linguistics Department
2006
presentation
A Novel Approach to Delineating Kazakh's Five Present Tenses: Lexical Aspect
Eightieth annual meeting of the Linguistic Society of America (LSA 2006)
2005
presentation
Aspect in the Present Tense in Kazakh: Auxiliaries and their Delineation
Sixth annual conference of the Central Eurasian Studies Society, Boston, MA
presentation
Indicating the Present Tense in Kazakh: By Auxiliary or Light Verb?
Third annual Harvard Undergraduate Linguistics Colloquium
thesis
An Investigation into Light Verbs in Kazakh (And Their Grammaticalization in the Present Tense)
Senior Honors Thesis
2003
digital scholarship
Zangori Kema: Uzbek - English dictionary / Inglizcha - Oʼzbekcha lugʼat

Credits

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"Lunch Bag" icon by Greg Beck from the Noun Project.

"Peer Reviewed" icon by John Salzarulo from the Noun Project.

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"Book" icon by Ahmad Taufik from the Noun Project (CC BY 3.0).

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